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          7.压缩工具与shell编程
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              <time title="创建时间：2020-06-01 04:26:54 / 修改时间：12:29:42" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2020-06-01T04:26:54+08:00">2020-06-01</time>
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        <p>压缩和解压缩<br>压缩比，越大压缩后的文件越小<br>压缩的目的：<br>时间换空间<br>CPU的时间：用CPU的运算时间换存储空间<br>当cpu空闲时可以执行压缩，一定要知道压缩的目的。<br>compress/uncompress: .Z<br>gzip/gunzip: .gz<br>bzip2/bunzip2: .bz<br>xz/unxz: .xz<br>zip/unzip<br>tar<br>cpio</p>
<p>1.gzip/gunzip :<br>    gzip/gunzip,zcat compress or expand files<br>    zcat可以查看小的压缩后的gz文件，大文件不要使用zcat查看<br>    gzip [option…] FILE…<br>    -d 解压缩，相当于gunzip;<br>    -# 指定压缩比，默认是6，越大越浪费cpu周期，一般默认即可；<br>    -c 输出至标准输出，不删除源文件；<br>        gzip -c files &gt; files.gz</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>bzip2/bunzip2/zcat<br> -d 解压缩<br> -# 指定压缩比，默认6<br> -k 保留源文件<br> bzip2 [option]… FILE…</li>
</ol>
<p>3.xz/unxz/xzcat<br>lzma/unlzma/lzcat</p>
<pre><code>xz [option]... FILE...
    -d 解压缩
    -# 压缩比
    -k 保留源文件</code></pre><p>这几种压缩工具都不支持对文件夹进行压缩，在linux上如果要压缩目录需要先归档；</p>
<p>归档 tar,cpio</p>
<p>tar 目录可以不加‘-’;<br>    tar [option]… FILE…<br>    1.创建归档 -c<br>        -c -f /PATH/to/FILE<br>        -cf<br>        cf</p>
<pre><code>2.展开归档 -x
3.查看归档文件内的文件列表 -t
4.指定目录 -C</code></pre><p>归档并压缩<br>-z：gzip<br>tar czf gzfile sourcefile…<br>解压缩<br>tar xzf gzfile<br>z可省略，会自动判断文件类型</p>
<p>-j:bzip2<br>-jcf<br>-jxf</p>
<p>-J :xz<br>-Jcf<br>-Jxf</p>
<p>zip</p>
<p>zip/unzip</p>
<p>.zip</p>
<p>zip file.zip file</p>
<p>lftp下载文件</p>
<p>lftp [url/ip]/path/to/file</p>
<p>lftp&gt;mget file</p>
<p>Bash 脚本编程之用户交互：</p>
<p>脚本参数</p>
<p>可以直接与用户交互</p>
<p>交互：通过键盘输入数据，从而完成变量复制操作；</p>
<p>灵活的执行方式实现有2种方法：</p>
<p>通过传入参数</p>
<p>尽量避免与用户交互</p>
<p>read内嵌命令</p>
<p>help read</p>
<p>read -p “message:” var</p>
<p>[ -z $name ] &amp;&amp; echo “name is needed.” &amp;&amp; exit 2</p>
<p>如空可自行赋值：</p>
<p>read -p “Enter name. [jack]:” name</p>
<p>[ -z $name ] &amp;&amp; name=’Tom’  </p>
<p>bash -n 检测语法错误</p>
<p>只能检查语法错误，逻辑错误无法检测</p>
<p>bash -x debug模式</p>
<p>按步执行,调试执行</p>

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